Question 1:
The support article "If you see 'apple.com/bill' on your billing statement" explains how you can check your iTunes and App Stores purchase history, cancel subscriptions, and track possible sources of unrecognized Apple charges you may see on a bill. These may be purchases by family members if you are an organizer of a Family Sharing group, or possibly a second Apple ID you use. The article also provides a specific link for contacting Apple if you cannot trace the source of charges. Click on this link to read this article ➞ https://support.apple.com/HT201382
Other possibilities to consider (not all may apply in your situation):
- Purchases can be made with your ID if your Apple ID is compromised (what to do ➞ https://support.apple.com/HT204145 ) or somebody else has access to your device (require purchase password ➞ https://support.apple.com/HT204030 ).
- If you only see a charge in emails or texts that are not official Apple receipts, it is likely phishing attempts ( https://support.apple.com/HT204759 ).
- If you are absolutely certain neither you, nor Apple, nor a Family Sharing member can account for a charge and it ONLY appears on a bill for a charge card you alone control, you may have been the victim of card fraud. Contact your financial institution.
- Small amounts of ~$1 may be an authorization hold that will be refunded (pending charge ➞ https://support.apple.com/HT201292 ).
If a purchase is listed in your purchase history and you want to ask for a refund, read this document about how to 'Request a refund for apps or content that you bought from Apple' ➞ https://support.apple.com/HT204084
or click on this link to proceed directly to 'Report a Problem' for requesting a refund ➞ https://reportaproblem.apple.com/?s=6
Apple's terms of purchase for most countries are effectively, "All Transactions are final" (check terms at: https://www.apple.com/legal/internet-services/itunes/us/terms.html ). Apple does refund on a case by case basis, but they can also refuse.
If a reporting a problem request is unsuccessful you can also try clicking here ➞ https://support.apple.com/choose-country-region/media-services Select your country, then a product.
Question 2:
Apple requiring a payment method such as a credit or debit card, even for free apps, is not an uncommon observation. Some possible reasons are outlined in the links below such as outstanding balance, an issue with a payment method you have currently entered, or ongoing subscriptions. You can try to set up your account without a payment method but you may find there is no option other than to enter a valid payment method to satisfy Apple's requirement. If the item is free you will not be charged. If has a cost, your Apple ID balance will in most cases be used first. You can also later remove the payment method and see if it only needs to be there temporarily.
If you can’t download or update apps on your iPhone or iPad - https://support.apple.com/HT207165
- "You might need to have a payment method on file, even if the app that you want to download is free." My interpretation of this in the context in which it has been presented is if you have something else on your account that requires a payment method, such as a subscription, and your current payment method is not working then Apple won't let you download even free things until you fix the payment method. This is explained in this document, 'If your payment method is declined in the App Store or iTunes Store' - https://support.apple.com/HT203005
Create or use your Apple ID without a payment method - https://support.apple.com/HT204034
- "You can remove payment methods from your existing Apple ID after you sign in to the App Store, iTunes Store, or Apple Books. You won't be asked for a payment method again until you make a purchase." One interpretation of this is if you want to "get" anything you must have a accepted payment form (e.g., card) on record. BUT: I download only free items and have never had to enter a card so I read this as instead meaning if you get something you truly "purchase" and actually costs money.
If you can't remove your last payment method or use no payment method with your Apple ID - https://support.apple.com/HT203905
- " if you're using an existing Apple ID with the App Store for the first time, you must provide payment information."
Also:
How App Store and iTunes Store purchases are billed - https://support.apple.com/HT201359
Some purchases aren’t charged to your Apple ID balance
- You can’t charge gifts to your Apple ID balance. If you send a gift or gift card, your primary payment method is charged.
- Some subscriptions might not be charged to your Apple ID balance.