Hey Jacq.west!
We would be more than happy to provide you with more information on the power supplies the iPhone 8 and iPhone 12 use.
The iPhone 8 comes with a Lightning to USB cable, and the iPhone 12 comes with a USB-C to Lightning cable. The iPhone 12 also uses a 20W or higher power supply, as an iPhone 8 uses an 18W or higher power supply.
If the car power supply doesn't have a USB-C port, or isn't at least 20W, then it cannot be used to charge your iPhone 12.
You can learn more about their technical specifications here:
iPhone 8 - Technical Specifications
iPhone 12 - Technical Specifications
Have a great day!