Thanks for responding.
I'm running Apple Music 1.1.5.74 and macOS 11.4.
I've played music, and then done File -> Library -> Update iCloud Library.
I played an album again this morning, and got a similar result. It plays fine, but the Recent Played smart playlist shows two entries for each track played, one with iCloud status "removed" that is linked to the local copy of the Apple Lossless file, and another with the proper (old) iCloud status of either "uploaded" or "matched". The removed items are still in the Finder at the proper location.
The issue started Friday 6/4 at some point, seemed to resolve itself after a restart and Update iCloud Library on Saturday, but is now happening again, as you can see in the screen shot from this morning.
My hunch is that there's been some server side changes due to the coming release of Apple Music Lossliess and Spatial Audio, and either a bug in that work or some longstanding corruption in my Apple Music Library data that's generating this issue.
It's a very large and old Apple Music Library—I've been using iTunes since it came out, but always updating and backing it up appropriately. I do have a lot of lossless files from ripped CDs over the past decade or so of playing music.
Thanks for any insight you can provide.