First, you should clear your Safari History and Website data:
Settings > Safari > Clear History & Website Data
Next, to add a useful degree of protection from malicious websites and links, you would be well advised to consider installing a good Content blocker. One of the very best and most respected within the Apple App Store - designed for iPad, iPhone and Mac - is 1Blocker for Safari.
https://apps.apple.com/gb/app/1blocker-for-safari/id1365531024
1Blocker is highly configurable - and crucially does not rely upon an external proxy-service of dubious provenance. All processing takes place on your device - and contrary to expectations, Safari will run faster and more efficiently.
Unwanted and potentially malicious content is not simply filtered after download (a technique used by basic/inferior products), but instead undesirable embedded content blocked from download. A further benefit on metered services, such as cellular connections where you data may be capped or chargeable, this not only improves speed but also saves you money.
1Blocker has also introduced its new “Firewall” functions - that are explicitly designed to block “trackers”. Being implemented at the network-layer, this additional protection works across all Apps.
Content Blockers, such as 1Blocker, are not a “silver bullet”, but do offer a useful level of defence.