USB-C is a connector scheme.
Different communications schemes can operate over a USB-C connector; what we all think of as USB, as well as Thunderbolt, DisplayPort, and Power Delivery are all possible. (Though a specific USB-C connection port may or will support only some of these, or might well support other communications schemes. Again, USB-C is more of a connector spec, and not a what-a-particular-USB-C-connector-might-provide or a what-goes-over-the-connected-cable spec.)
USB 3.0, USB 3.1, and USB 3.2 are all data-transfer and communications scheme, and USB 3.0/3.1/3.2 can use USB-C, USB-A, and USB-B connectors. (Older USB 1.1 and USB 2.0 can probably also use USB-C, but ~nobody is doing that with their hardware.)
USB4 requires the USB-C connector, and requires some form of Power Delivery.
USB-C cables are (usually) marked with tiny icons.
For fastest transfer, Thunderbolt is useful.
A passive Thunderbolt cable with USB-C connectors is also a USB 3.0/3.1/3.2-capable connection, with USB 3.0/3.1/3.2 speeds, depending on the host computer ‘behind” the USB-C connector.
There isn’t really a USB 4.0 communications scheme, either. The USB4 spec unites a bunch of different interconnection schemes that used to be optional behind a consistent connector with optional stuff.
Yes, it’s all confusing.
When in doubt, a passive Thunderbolt cable with USB-C connectors is probably what you want.