How do I recover deleted text messages

correct, the restore process of a backup from yesterday will essentially take the state of your phone to yesterday.. which means you could lose some stuff. Items stored in iCloud should be fine though.

and just to make sure you understood my response.. if you are inquiring about restoring from a backup, that switch for storing messages in iCloud must have been turned off?

go to Settings > [your name] > iCloud and check the switch position for Messages

If the switch is ON, then you cannot recover your deleted messages (no need to read any further)

If the switch is OFF, then you might be able to recover your messages IF you have an iPhone backup that contains the messages you are trying to recover. In which case you'd need to restore your iPhone to that backup. In doing so, you'd likely lose some data between now and whenever your backup occurred.

Locate backups of your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch - Apple Support

Restore your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch from a backup - Apple Support