Apple verification code sent randomly to me?

bbgirl ~ Are you sure it was from Apple?...

Recognize and avoid phishing messages, phony support calls, and other scams

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Someone may be trying to sign your Apple ID, which would generate the request for a verification code. Since you have 2 Factor Authentication enabled, as long as they can't access one of your trusted devices, they can't get a code, and sign in. You should be okay.