How do I get my contacts and pictures on a new phone on my old phone broke

From a backup, or, if you used iCloud Sync for contacts and photos, by entering the same Apple ID on the new iPhone.

If you don't have a backup, and/or you didn't use iCloud sync, you won't be able to recover anything from a broken iPhone (unless you try to have it repaired).

Regards

Giulio

Restore the last backup you made of the old phone to the new one when you set it up.