Maintain a Backup On iCloud Drive
If I delete a file on my Mac, will it remain in iCloud Drive as a backup?
iMac 27″, macOS 11.5
The file will remain upto 30 days in recently deleted and will get erased automatically after 30 days see the article Delete files in iCloud Drive on iCloud.com - Apple Support
You can once again recover the file before 30 days .