Hello Jeremiahmandel,
Thanks for reaching out to Apple Support Communities. We've reviewed your question and it looks like you are unable to see your Contacts when visiting iCloud.com. It's understandable that you'd want this resolved, so allow us to assist with that. The article that your question was linked from is very helpful when considering this issue: Which iCloud.com features are available in the browser on your device? If you are backing up your Contacts to iCloud, the option should be on the webpage for you to access.
If this is not occurring as it should, we would advise signing out of your iCloud account on the website, then sign back in. If the contacts still do not appear, on your iPhone, we'd recommend going to Settings > Contacts > Accounts, do you see multiple accounts there? If so, your contacts might be synced from one of the other accounts you're logged into. To verify which account is syncing those contacts, you can open the Contacts app, tap Groups on the upper left, and deselect all options. After doing this, no contacts will appear on your device, but don't worry we'll get those back. Once complete, select one option at a time, after each selection tap "Done" on the upper right and see if the contacts have reappeared. Once they reappear, you'll know which account is syncing the data and where it is saved at.
If you have follow-up questions, please let us know. We're here for you. Have a fantastic day!