Hello Brusot,
Welcome to Apple Support Communities!
If we understand your post correctly, after updating your iPads your private internal web app isn't working anymore and you want to know how to allow port 10080 in Safari on the iPads. We'd like to see if we can help!
Are the iPads running Safari on the same network as the server? Your computer must be on the same network as the server. If so the issue is with the server not with your browser. The server must be serving something on port 10080 if you want to view it with Safari.
This article might provide some help: If your Apple devices aren't getting Apple push notifications
This article might be beneficial as well for using Apple products on enterprise networks: Use Apple products on enterprise networks
Let us know if you have any questions.
Thank you for using Apple Support Communities.
Take care!