I'm not sure if there's a simpler way to do this, but the numbers are indeed Excel date serial numbers, counting days from a date that's supposed to be 01 January 1900. It appears though that Microsoft (and Lotus before them) missed out a couple of leap years, so as far as I can tell from online examples, the dates have to be calculated from 30 December 1899.
To convert the dates using Pages:
Insert a column to the right of the date serial numbers (my first column is B, my inserted column is C).
In the first non-header cell (C2 in my example), insert the following formula:
DATE(1899,12,30)+B2
This adds the number of days in B2 to the origin date in 1899. Press enter to confirm.

I am using a UK date format (DD/MM/YYYY) to format column C.
You would need to verify your data against the original Excel spreadsheet to make absolutely sure that the starting date is correct - I am not absolutely certain that December 30 1899 is correct.
Cell C2 can then be filled down to format the dates for the remaining serial numbers.

Once you're happy that the dates are correct, you can delete the column containing the serial numbers.
If that seems a bit cumbersome you may be better off investigating a reformat of the dates in Excel, or using an alternative productivity suite like OpenOffice or LibreOffice, both of which are available for macOS.