Can't receive verification code
I'm trying to set up my new iphone, but am having trouble receiving verification codes on the phone. I couldn't send a text message because it didn't have my phone number associated with the Apple ID. When I go to enter this via settings, it asks for the 6-digit verification code that should have been sent to my phone. It never comes. Even if I request a phone call for the code instead, that never comes either. For this support forum, I signed on via the computer, and I WAS able to receive the verification code that time. On the phone, however, it just locks up after a few tries and says, "You have sent too many codes for your account. Try again later."
Going to Security & Privacy and getting the code manually doesn't work either, because to get back to the page where I need to enter it, it overwrites the code that I just retrieved. Any suggestions, or does this sound like a question for the phone network provider?
iPhone SE, iOS 14