External SSD overheating under macOS Monterey

Okay, so if I have *just* the PNY stick in the Thunderbolt enclosure it gets a little warm but not critically hot, and it has just as good speed tests as it used to, an the same thing happens with the USB enclosure.

The Crucial stick seems to be the common issue. It seems really weird that it would only start doing this with the macOS update though. Unfortunately I don't have any pre-Monterey USB-C Macs to test it with, but I'll see if this happens on my one USB-C Windows machine.

The PNY stick on the Thunderbolt enclosure is the one that's more critical for me to have working, and it seems to be okay for now, so for now I can live with this. Hopefully whatever the problem is that's affecting the Crucial stick gets sorted out at some point.

I've been testing this on multiple machines, namely an M1 Mac mini (which doesn't have an SMC to reset) and a 2016 Intel MacBook pro, using both a USB 3.1 enclosure and a Thunderbolt enclosure. It occurs on both machines, both before and after an SMC reset in the case of the MacBook Pro, and also occurs when I boot into recovery mode. I haven't tried safe mode but given that it happens in recovery mode I'd be surprised if that would make any difference.

I've also disabled Spotlight on both external drives, both using the system preferences GUI and using mdutil -i, and it continues to happen.

It's happening with two different enclosures across two different Macs (one M1, one Intel), regardless of activity level. Both enclosures which are having the problem are NVMe (one USB 3.1, one Thunderbolt 3). An older SATA enclosure is not having this problem. They aren't just getting warm, they're getting hot, and then disconnecting due to an overheat condition. This only started with the upgrade to Monterey. Under Big Sur they'd only warm up if I was putting the disks under extreme load for a long period of time.

Different brands of NVMe SSD in each one. The USB 3.1 has a Crucial and the Thunderbolt has a PNY. Both are 2TB.

The USB enclosure is a Plugable USB C USB3.1gen2, and it overheats within minutes. The Thunderbolt enclosure is a Sabrent Thunderbolt 3 to Dual NVMe (EC-T3DN) and it takes somewhat longer to overheat but it still does so eventually, although the only time I've specifically seen it do that is when I had the Crucial in the second socket (installed so I could transfer my most critical files to the SATA one so I could at least get some work done while this gets sorted out). I'll try swapping the PNY stick into the USB 3.1 enclosure and see if the overheat still happens.

It's only giving me the option for a live chat, which is not feasible for diagnosing what feels like a complex, ongoing macOS bug. Is there any way that I can submit this as a bug report that gets proper issue tracking? I've never had a good experience with Apple's live support.

Those apps are crashing because my NVMe drive overheats and disconnects.

Disabling Spotlight makes no difference.

I need Barrier (the open-source version of Synergy) for my job. It has nothing to do with the drive in question, and also isn't installed on the other Mac, which is having the same problem.

I use MacFUSE for sshfs, which I need for my job. I am not using it with NTFS. And, again, it has nothing to do with the drive in question, and also isn't installed on the other Mac, which is having the same problem.

They're not running (or even installed) on the other machine, where the problem is still happening. There's no way they're to blame for the heat problem.

The heat problem also happens when I boot into recovery, where literally nothing else is running except the base OS.