Try the option command r key combo RIGHT AFTER REBOOT SOUND to see if you can net install the latest OS from the boot up screen. For mine it’s max os is Big Sur. (needs wifi connection)
or if you want to reinstall what came with with your machine, option shift command r.
I been trying for months to. install security updates for externals running 10.14 and 10.15 and the “security loads” broke the disks. Yes i did follow the “normal” procedures and preparations, both via System Preferences and direct webpage download of installer packages. Since they install fine but the final boot stays stuck on the white on black apple logo, I’m convinced apple is coding out SDHD external boot disk (they removed SDHD ports from mac minis and laptop line ups haven’t they?)
So last night I tried the net install. I am keeping the pristine internal OS the laptop came with, but put all the new OS‘s on SDHD and run off them if I want “the latest OS” features for some reason... I refuse to compromise the os that came functioning fine out of the box.
It took hours to finally get away from the white on black background spinning globe icon, to the options menu to choose which disk to install Big Sur on.
I ran out of time and wanted to sleep, so trying again today. I don’t do all nighters well any more.
If they cut the link to it via this Restore Install function as well, I will lose that much more respect and trust in apple