From: Payment methods that you can use with your Apple ID; click here --> https://support.apple.com/HT202631
"Make sure that the billing address for your payment method matches the billing address for your Apple ID. In some cases, you might need to call your bank or financial institution to authorize international or online purchases. You might also need to confirm that the mobile number associated with your payment method is correct."
From that I would interpret you can indeed use a card issued in a different country but it has to be billed to you at an address that is in the country to which your iTunes and App Stores are set. This requirement makes it unusual to be able use a card from a different country since card companies may be reluctant to issue a card unless the customer's address is in the card company's country.
Note, however, that an official Apple team member contradicts the "international" use of cards outlined in Apple's document by recommending a post saying, "You need a valid credit card issued by a bank in the country the store is in..." over a post quoting the above section from Apple's own payment methods document. - https://discussions.apple.com/thread/253211481 My inclination would be to believe what the document says.