Try running the Apple Diagnostics to see if any hardware issues are detected.
When you erased the drive did you erase the "Macintosh HD" volume or the whole physical drive? It is best to erase the whole physical drive in order to recreate the partition table and all the APFS volumes within the Container.
You can also try installing macOS to an external drive in case the internal SSD is failing. Plus it may allow you to access any installation or Kernel Panic logs from the internal SSD.
Make sure all external devices are disconnected in case one of them is causing the problem.
Try booting into Safe Mode. If Safe Mode works, then run EtreCheck and post the report here using the "Additional Text" icon which looks like a piece of paper.
FYI, for future reference it is usually better to figure out the source of Kernel Panics rather than upgrading macOS which then introduces a whole lot more problems in troubleshooting. Kernel Panics are due to either a hardware issue, or with some third party software, or a connected external device.