Try creating the macOS USB installer while booted into Safe Mode in case some third party software is interfering with the normal operation of macOS (typically it would be anti-virus apps, cleaning apps, and third party security software -- none of which are needed on a Mac).
Perhaps the installer is corrupt. Delete the installer from the Applications folder and empty the Trash. Download the Catalina installer again to try creating the USB stick again.
You may even want to run Disk Utility First Aid on your macOS volume (even better to run it on the hidden Container). Within Disk Utility click "View" and select "Show All Devices" so that the hidden Container appear on the left pane of Disk Utility. Even if First Aid shows everything is "Ok" click "Show Details" and manually scroll back through the report to see if there are any unfixed errors listed. If there are any unfixed errors listed, then you can try running First Aid from Recovery/Internet Recovery Mode, but if the errors still cannot be fixed, then you will need to erase the whole physical drive before restoring from a backup or clone. Disk Utility will give an error if you attempt to scan the Container after scanning any of the individual APFS volumes so you will need to reboot the computer to scan the hidden Container first.
As a last resort try using a different USB stick especially a different brand since the quality of USB sticks are extremely poor. I doubt this is the cause of the error you have listed since I would expect the error to be related to the downloaded Catalina installer app.