You have to have a payment method one file to cover any purchases. Your first image indicates that the cancellation was on 4th December, so as long as this was more than 48 hours before the next payment was due you should not be subect to any further charges. If you left it too late the cancellation many not have gone through, leaving you liable to the next charge in early January. So it's not clear how at this point any unauthorised charges have been made.
In any event you should take this up with support and request a refund if you think you've been overcharged. Go to https://reportaproblem.apple.com/?s=6 and select 'Request a refund' from the menu in the page. Note that the refund, if granted, can take up to 30 days to be paid into the payment method used for the purchase - please see https://support.apple.com/HT210904