iPhone 12 Black Screen

My iPhone 12 has been at full storage for quite some time now. Mostly because my photos have taken up the storage, so I was already planning on upgrading my iCloud to take care of this. The issue I'm facing now is that my phone will be showing me the Lock Screen and asks me to enter my passcode. Once I enter it, it unlocks for a brief second but then immediately goes to a black screen with a loading symbol on it. After about 10-15 seconds it will briefly show the lock screen again but then immediately switches back to this black loading screen and leaves me unable to do anything. After trying multiple hard resets, the phone shows me the lock screen and looks pretty normal. But after entering my passcode and unlocking, it goes right back to the black loading screen. I'm almost 100% sure that this issue is due to the phone's storage being full. I just don't know how to go about fixing this without having to completely wipe my phone. I wasn't able to upload my photos, messages, and notes to iCloud prior to this issue occurring so I know that all of this will be lost if I were to wipe the phone. Any ideas on how to fix?