Finding an iPhone
Is there a way to locate an iPhone with a phone number?
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No, only with Find My app or https://icloud.com/find
stolen or lost
Please look at this Apple article and my additional advice below it:
If your iPhone, iPad or iPod touch is lost or stolen – Apple Support
Tracking lost or stolen phones
The 'Find My' tracking is to help you discover if you left your phone in the office or the restaurant. Lost or Stolen phones are rarely ever seen again.