@ku4hx is correct as I'm not aware of any adapters/enclosures available for this proprietary Apple SSD. Even OWC which supplies enclosures for Apple's older proprietary SSDs do not sell any adapters/enclosures for your SSD.
You can try putting the broken laptop into Target Disk Mode to see if you can access the data on the SSD. As long as your broken laptop powers on and can enter Target Disk Mode (may need to use an external USB keyboard) you should be able to see the data from another Mac running macOS 10.12.6+ (although it may be a bit difficult to locate the mount point of the SSD containing your data since older versions of macOS 10.12.6 - 11.x may not automatically mount the volume(s) to the same location.
Apple has no way to recover the data from your SSD plus they expect users to have backups. Perhaps an Apple Authorized Service Provider may have a spare 2016-2017 MBPro 13" non-touchbar model available for such situations (doubtful, but worth asking). Otherwise you will either repair the laptop or you will need to find one of those compatible models to temporarily install the SSD.
You can also contact a professional data recovery service such as Drive Savers or Ontrack. Both vendors provide free estimates and both are recommended by Apple.
You should always have frequent and regular backups of your computer and any external media which contains important & unique data. If you don't have any other Macs, then having at least one backup of your data on external media that can be accessed by any device and OS is also a good idea since Time Machine does requires another Mac for restoring the data.