How to change the fonts while the phone islocked
How to make the screen look small while it’s locked
iPhone 12, iOS 15
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You have the option to change your font size from the lock screen, just add the feature to your Control Center.
Go to:
Settings -> Control Centre -> Scroll down and find Text Size and add it to Included Controls.
You can swipe your Control Center down on the lock screen and resize the font. Just find the "aA" icon.