how do i find my iPhone if i don't have another apple device to get past 2 factor authentication?

Use any internet browser and log into www.icloud.com/find -- no two-factor code is needed.

Even though you can do that to find a phone, I would strongly encourage setting up one or more trusted phone numbers (for access to other areas of iCloud, etc). The trusted phone numbers can be Androids, landlines, friend's or relative's phones. See information in Two-factor authentication for Apple ID - Apple Support