Put my notes back on my phone

Try Settings/Your Name/iCloud and slide off Notes syncing. Wait a few minutes and then slide syncing on. Allow time for syncing to occur.

Last resort - have you tried signing out of iCloud, restarting the device, and then signing back in?

Did you try Settings/Your Name/iCloud and slide off Notes syncing. Wait a few minutes and then slide syncing on. Allow time for syncing to occur.

Are the Notes in a Recently Deleted folder on the phone or at iCloud.com/Notes using a browser?

Notes - Delete and recover notes on iCloud.com