MacBook Pro 2017 Freez,Artifacts

Did you perform a clean install of macOS by first erasing the whole physical drive, or did you just reinstall macOS over top of itself?

Something with disk images was mentioned in the error report you posted originally. Make sure to unmount all disk images and reboot the Mac again making sure none of the disk images mount automatically after a reboot. Disk images are macOS files usually with the .dmg, .sparsebundle, or .sparseimage file extensions. Mounted image files should appear on the left pane of the Finder or on the Desktop depending on how you have Finder configured.

To look for possible software issues you can run EtreCheck and post the report here using the "Additional Text" icon which looks like a piece of paper. If you give EtreCheck "Full Disk Access", then more details will be included which may provide more clues.

Performing a clean install of macOS by first erasing the whole physical drive before install macOS is the best way to separate hardware issues and software issues. But you need to test the Mac before migrating/restoring from a backup and before installing any third party apps. If the issue happens with a clean install of macOS, then usually it indicates a hardware issue or possibly a macOS bug if an app attempts to process a damaged, corrupted, or malformed file. Make sure to have a good backup before performing a clean install.

Most likely this will be a hardware issue.

It appears you have a MBPro 15" (2017) model laptop.

It also appears you are either trying to access a macOS installer image or you are booting from a macOS installer (or updating/upgrading macOS) since it is referencing "BaseSystem.dmg". Maybe this image (or the installer is damaged). We need some more details on what you are doing here.

Usually CATERR (CATostrophic ERRors) and MCA errors are hardware issues. Make sure to disconnect all external devices in case one of them is causing a problem. If an external device is not causing the problem, then you may need to have Apple or an Apple Authorized Service Provider examine the laptop see/confirm whether you have a hardware issue and to provide you with a repair estimate.

Make sure to get a good backup if you don't already have a backup.

You should always have frequent and regular backups of your computer and all external media which contains important & unique data. It is impossible to recover accidentally deleted data from an SSD after the Trash has been emptied plus an SSD can fail at any time without any warning signs. In addition, the SSDs on recent Apple USB-C laptops (and even many desktops) are soldered onto the Logic Board so you need a working Logic Board to access the data on an SSD.

Your laptop has a hardware issue that needs repaired (most likely a bad Logic Board).

Hi Ma1k,

Thanks for connecting with us here in Apple Support Communities. It appears that you're having issues with your Mac freezing and restarting. The first thing you'll want to check is whether or not the software is updated on your Mac. Please check out the links below and let us know if this helps.

If your Mac stops or delays while starting up

If your Mac restarted because of a problem

Cheers.

You can online support by clicking the "Get Support" link at the top right of this page.

You can check your warranty status here:

Check Your Service and Support Coverage - Apple Support

You can locate the nearest Apple Stores and Apple Authorized Service Providers using this link:

https://locate.apple.com

FYI, You just reposted the original MCA error report. You did not post the EtreCheck report.