Hey Redhat987,
Thanks for the reply, and additional information.
If we're understanding correctly, you've got the Mail app working for all email providers, except iCloud mail.
What comes to mind here is that you may have reached your iCloud storage limit. This would make sense for not being able to retrieve new email.
If you run out of iCloud storage
When you sign up for iCloud, you automatically get 5GB of free storage. You can use that storage for backups, Mail, iCloud Photos, iCloud Drive, and more. If you run out of iCloud storage, you won't be able to send or receive emails with your iCloud Mail address. If you need more space in iCloud, you can make more space or upgrade to iCloud+ any time.
Mailbox size and message sending limits in iCloud
Have you received any iCloud storage notifications?
Here's some help with managing your iCloud storage:
Make more space available in iCloud
If you run out of iCloud storage, your device won’t back up to iCloud, new photos and videos won't upload to iCloud Photos, and iCloud Drive, other iCloud apps, and messages won't stay up to date across your devices. And you also won't be able to send or receive emails with your iCloud email address.
You can free up storage in iCloud by deleting content that you're not using:
° Reduce the size of your iCloud Backup
° Delete photos in iCloud Photos
° Delete folders or files in iCloud Drive
° Delete texts and attachments in Messages
° Delete messages and manage Mail
° Delete voice memos
Before you delete anything, you might want to archive or make copies of the information that you store in iCloud.
Manage your iCloud storage
Take care!