iphone 13 pro next to the time display is a small icon with a head and shoulders profile in rectangular box. what is this

Yes, after seeing your screenshot, it sounds like the work focus is enabled. If you want to disable it, go to settings > focus. Then select the work focus. From there you will be able to disable it or change what conditions enable it.

I was wondering the same thing. It seems to me that those icons refer to specific Focus that is currently active. I just happened to swipe down my Control Panel and saw the same icon where I can switch Focuses.

Based on the description, it seems like that is the icon that appears when you are sharing your screen with SharePlay.

Where were you able to locate a description? I know that I am not using SharePlay; therefore, I am unsure why I see the icon.