Missed calls
When my phone dies, and I plug it into the charger, and it turns back on, but has not been unlocked with the password yet, will I receive phone calls?
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If your iPhone is locked with a password all data will be encrypted when it first starts.
Your iPhone will still receive calls as long as it has cellular connection.
The only thing is that you will only see the phone number of the person calling you even if they are in your address book because your contacts have not been decrypted yet.