My system renamed folders on my MacBook Monterey 12.3.1

To change the name of ANY Icon, select the Icon and type a new name.

To mess up the name of any icon, select the Icon and swipe your hand across the keyboard, hitting a few keys in a cluster on the right, followed by a few on the left.

The new names you mentioned are composed of keyboard letters from the right side of the keyboard, all near each other in a cluster, followed by another group from the other side of the keyboard.

¿Could you have dropped something onto the keyboard?

¿ Do you have cats?

Restart. Sometimes a simple restart can fix things.

Look closely at the characters in those names, while finding each key on the keyboard.

It is plausible that a swipe across the keyboard was involved in the renaming.

FM98U wrote:

This morning when I turned on my Mac two folders had been renamed from a typical name to =-09qa and the other to ";0iuqyqs.

?

ref

Rename files, folders, and disks on Mac - Apple Support