There are numerous threads on this and it is a bug. Please file a bug report with Apple. They will not take it seriously until enough folks make sufficient noise.
You can do that here:
Feedback - macOS - Apple
There is a way to open those attachments but it is a PITA -- essentially quit the necessary app. click the attachment and it will open, but to open the next one that requires that app, you have to quit the app first.
In a post below someone mentioned that the solution is to upgrade to Monterey. For some fo;ls (like me) that gets done on the last update of every OS before the next OS is introduced - I can't afford downtime dealing with bugs mid-stream; for others, it is a matter of "this is as far as I can take this machine", or the need to use a certain app or a particular printer that is not compatible with Monterey.
Apple does not read these discussions, so you might want to tell them in your bug report why this is negatively impacting you in a counterproductive way.