If you are seeing kernel_task using 100's percent CPU, then you are overheating the CPU chip, and the kernel_task has put the CPU chip into a low power idle mode so the chip can cool and not melt. This makes the scheduler think the kernel_task is using lots of CPU time (which technically it is), but the CPU itself is idle and cooling off.
If your Mac is in a smoky and/or dusty environment, this could cause dust to accumulate on the cooling surfaces inside the Mac. If you live in an environment where the root temperature is rather high and humid, it may affect the Macs ability to cool. If you have the Mac sitting on a surface that blocks the cooling vents this could affect the Macs ability to cool.
If you are running tasks that consume a lot of CPU, if a lot of GPU is needed (the more monitors and the more pixels per monitor; the harder the GPU has to work), if there is lots of storage I/O, If there are tasks consuming a lot of memory that forces a lot of paging and swapping that generates heat in the internal storage device.