Is there anything that can be done if the iCloud didn’t work?

Is there anything that can be done if the iCloud didn’t work? I had to replace my phone so I upgraded my iCloud storage to make sure ALL my info, pics, texts, etc were saved and I’m missing 6-8 months of stuff. The girl at the Apple store and I literally backed it up before switching devices. So I don’t know why they aren’t there. I am so sad!

I really just want my stuff recovered, but they took my old phone when I had to get the replacement so I don’t even have the physical device…

is there anything that can be done?