Data recovery

No Time Machine Backup and No Clone = No Rescue Plan

Since the user has Erased the Data after Monterey was installed - I see not way to get your data back unless everything was stored on a Cloud Service

What is gone is gone but for future usages

Do you have a Rescue Plan In-Place. This comprises having 3 Backups using 2 methods and 1 Off Site incase of Theft, Loss or Natural Disasters. A Time Machine Backup  is very useful and can be used to Revert to Previous Working macOS. 

Point # 12 - For addition purposes - two Tested Clones each to separate external drives. This is insurance incase the upgrades goes sideways. At least one Tested Clone and / or Time Machine Backup should be Off - Site

Apple provides the Time Machine app free so we can have a continual backup of our user data. Since you wiped the drive you wouldn't be able to recover the data even if you could remove the drive from the old Mac.

Can you describe "can't find my data" in more detail.

Where was it when you last saw it?

Where are you looking to find it, now?

How did you go about the process of restoring the OS?