A websearch turned up this webpage: https://www.howtogeek.com/682514/microphone-not-working-on-a-mac-heres-how-to-fix-it/
I have an external USB microphone in the form of an iPhone SE (2d generation) running EpocCam. One nice feature of EpocCam is that I can use a Wi-Fi connection between the Mac Mini and the iPhone, although for the moment I have them connected by USB. I also have an external 3.5mm microphone.
I followed all the steps in this webpage.
Both microphones appear in System Preferences > Sound > Input. I have the input level for each set to maximum.
The preference Security & Privacy > Privacy was already set to allow access by most of the applications that have asked for access to the microphone. Although, oddly enough, this permissions-preference pane does not show Pages as one such application. I have used my iPhone/EpocCam with Pages recently. I do not know why this preference pane would omit Pages.
One interesting item is that System Preferences > Keyboard > Dictation shows both microphones. When I test each microphone in this preference, I see the sound level in the graphic moving up and down.
I then reset the NVRAM, or, at least, I think I did. I shut down and then restarted while holding down the R, P, option, and command keys. The Mac Mini started up normally, so I do not know if it reset the NVRAM in doing so.
My dictation ability has been highly erratic all week. It has been a week since I last dictated through my iPhone. In drafting this report here, I checked again. I am drafting this report in Word. Word does not accept my dictation. But just now Pages does.
Even though Pages is accepting my dictation as of this writing, it still is not listed as an application in the preference for Security & Privacy>Privacy.