What happens if you log into a new Apple ID with the same device that had a Disabled ID?

It would be better to fix that 'Disabled ID' first.

See this Apple article:

If your Apple ID is locked or disabled

If your Apple ID is locked or disabled - Apple Support (CA)

-> Get a verification code and sign in with two-factor authentication

Get a verification code and sign in with two-factor authentication - Apple Support

Check also. ⤵️

1.

If you see a message that says your account has been disabled in the App Store and iTunes Store, contact Apple Support for help. 

2.

If your payment method is declined in the App Store or iTunes Store

If your payment method is declined in the App Store or iTunes Store - Apple Support

👉Get more help

• If you disputed a charge from the App Store or iTunes Store, contact your financial institution again to authorize that charge and future purchases from the App Store or iTunes Store.
• If you're outside of the United States, you might need to contact your financial institution to allow international purchases.
• In some countries and regions, your payment method might be declined because of changes to local law. Learn about billing and purchases in Europe or what to do if your card is declined in India.
• If you still need help, contact Apple Support.

You are sign in here .  .  .  with your Apple ID & Password (?).

Your Apple ID is the personal account you use with all Apple products and services. It includes the email address and password you use to sign in, as well as the contact, payment, and security details that you use with Apple.

You can’t merge multiple Apple ID accounts.