Help with saving pictures and video to iCloud
Why isn’t my phone saving pics to cloud
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Photos that you can see at www.icloud.com are synced with iCloud via iCloud Photos. See: Set up and use iCloud Photos - Apple Support
If you don't have iCloud Photos turned on and don't want to, another option is to use iCloud Backup. You will not be able to view the contacts of the Backup at icloud.com. See: Back up iPhone - Apple Support