my device got stolen from my vehicle

You cannot track the phone if Find My was not enabled. Even if it was, the phone has to be powered on and have a good Internet connection in order for its location to be displayed on a map.

If your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch is lost or stolen - Apple Support

You can't. The wireless carriers generally only will as part of the search for a missing person.

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You can’t track a phone that doesn’t have Find My enabled.

You can't.