Deleting Xcode previews from Home Screen

It’s probably just a website, then.

If you have Screen Time enabled, go to Settings/Screen Time/Content & Privacy Restrictions/iTunes & App Store Purchases and change Deleting Apps to Allow.

Then try deleting it again.

It’s really hard to “accidentally” download an app from a shortcut. Essentially what you did is hacked your own phone and possibly installed malware on it.

Go to Settings/General/VPN & Device Management and you should see a Profile that allowed you to install an app from an untrustworthy source. Tap on the profile and delete it, and also delete the app that you “accidentally” downloaded.

Are you SURE there is no profile in Settings/General/VPN & Device Management?

Presumably if you have Xcode previews you are a developer and/or have a developer profile on your phone. As a developer you should know how to manage Xcode apps.