I'm assuming you have emptied the Trash (no insult intended as it is easy to forget this sometimes).
I never understood why developer's choose to use a graphical representation of the storage space as it provide no real insight. Try using OmniDiskSweeper which gives you a Finder style list view organized by the largest items first. This makes it extremely easy to see exactly which folders actually contain the most data.
https://www.omnigroup.com/more
Many times a lot of data will be stored in the user's home Library folder which can contain iPhone/iPad backups as well as some other items that sometimes can consume lots of data. Do not delete the cache folders/files though as these will be automatically managed by macOS or the apps using the cache.
Are you using any cloud file syncing services which may be repopulating items you thought you may have deleted/moved?
Have you copied any large folders/files onto the same APFS volume? If so, then deleting one copy will not do anything since the copy is just a link to the original item(s) due to how the APFS file system works.
https://eclecticlight.co/2020/04/14/copy-move-and-clone-files-in-apfs-a-primer/
Also, make sure your backups have all finished transferring to external media so that the APFS snapshots will be automatically deleted after a predetermined amount of time by the backup software. If there are still APFS snapshots, then they can contain lots of data you thought you had deleted already.
https://support.apple.com/guide/disk-utility/view-apfs-snapshots-dskuf82354dc/mac
https://derflounder.wordpress.com/2018/04/07/reclaiming-drive-space-by-thinning-apple-file-system-snapshot-backups/
Disk Utility is showing you have just 12.97 GB free which is not enough free space for macOS. You want to always have at least 20GB of free storage space available at all times for the normal operation of macOS. Even this 20GB can be quickly filled by the temp & cache files used by macOS and your apps so you usually want to have much more free space available depending on your workload. If you completely run out of free space on an APFS volume, then you may not be able to delete any items to free up space due to how the APFS file system works since it is a Copy on Write (CoW) file system which requires free space to make any changes even when deleting items. If this happens, then you will need to erase the Volume Group and restore its contents from a backup (and reinstall macOS if it is a boot drive).