Not to worry. You will get the hang of using your Mac. Just be patient and you'll find that over time, using it will become second nature.
Do you happen to have an Apple Store nearby? If so, they may offer in-person "familiarization" classes for your Mac. They are designed to help new Mac users get acquainted with their Macs.
In the mean time, let me try to address some of the issues you are coming across.
- Time Machine (TM): Apple provides this to you so that you can back up your Mac periodically in the background. Its goal is to make backing up your Mac a "no brainer." However, it does require that you identify what device you want TM to back up to. By default, it thinks you will be using an Apple Time Capsule for this purpose, and why you are seeing that in list of disks to use. A Time Capsule is only one type of device that can be used. You can also use an externally attached USB drive for this purpose.
- Time Capsule (TC): Is a physical device. It is a combination wireless router with a built-in hard drive and is designed to work with TM for backups. Apple actually exited the networking hardware business back in 2018 ... so chances that you can get one of these is becoming more and more difficult. Again, you really don't need one of TM backups.
- Time Machine Interface: The image you posted represents this interface. Its purpose is to allow you to access the TM incremental backups that have been occurring in the background once an hour. It literally is designed to allow you to go "back in time" to access the files that were backed up so that should be need to restore one, you can do so from this interface.
- AirPort Base Stations: Apple used to sell network wireless routers, that they called AirPort base stations. They basically had three models: Express, Extreme, and the Time Capsule. Unless you actually have one, it would not be available for Time Machine.
- SSD: SSD stands for Solid State Drive. It is a physical storage device and has been replacing the older HDDs (Hard Disk Drives) that relied on spinning metallic platters to store data. If you purchased your notebook from Apple, I'm surprised that the sales rep. didn't discuss your computing goals to help "size" your storage needs appropriately. All Mac come with a minimum amount of storage space ... but offer increased storage capacities at the time of purchase. Of course, at additional costs. Unfortunately, once configured, the newer notebooks cannot be upgraded with additional storage. If you bought this notebook within the last 14 days, you can return it for a full refund.
Finally, prior to visiting your local Apple Store, the following articles may prove helpful:
