Is there anyway to find my phone if my location services are off?

I was in the hospital and I believe my phone was stolen or I lost it. Somehow my location services are turned off which doesn’t make sense to me because that phone was less than 30 days old and I transferred everything from my old iPhone which still has the location services on and active. I gave my old phone to my father as a gift. I figured I could just use the phone I gave him to track mine. I’ve had no such luck and was forced to buy a new phone. Is there any other way of tracking it?