I am experiencing the same problem. I have the following notes:
Important: the phone screen problem is that is does NOT turn black when the phone is at my ear when I listen a voice message.
On WhatsApp: (Messenger and Business)
Voice Messages: The proximity Sensor takes 5 seconds to block the phone screen.
On Calls: The proximity Sensor works Ok.
On Facebook Messenger:
Voice Messages: The proximity Sensor does not work at all. No matter how long the message is.
On Calls: The proximity Sensor works Ok.
Regular Phone Calls: The proximity Sensor works ok.
On iMessage. The proximity Sensor works ok.
I have not tested Telegram.
Any ideas on if I should report this directly to Meta or if Apple will take are care of this problem?
Using an iPhone 14 Pro purchased on Dec 21st 2022 with iOS 16.2