Yes, mostly, but this will be complicated.
Create a new ID for yourself. Sign out of the old ID on your phone. Depending upon exactly what it was your father did you may have to get him to provide information to do this. Now sign into the new ID. The phone will ask you various times if you want to keep certain categories of data. Say yes where you do want to keep it.
Note that if you were storing photos in iCloud and they were not actually on the phone itself, they will not transfer. He can share them with you so you can get copies.
Things such as apps that were purchased using the old account cannot be transferred. The copies currently on the phone will stay there but you can't upgrade them. He will need to share them back to you with Family Sharing if they are shareable, or you have to buy them again.
I don't know about passwords. I did something similar once with my phone but I didn't want any of the other person's passwords. I am guessing they won't remain, particularly if they are being kept in Keychain which is specific to an AppleID.