The same thing happened to me. MacOS 13.1 on a 2018 MBP16. Tried to start my MacBook this morning and saw that I hadn't plugged in the AC adapter. I plugged it in and started a few minutes later and then went to battery settings to see the charge profile, when it started discharging... and the graph was empty for both the last 24 hours and the last 10 days!
I rebooted and one small red spike appeared at 9am (a few percent), when I first booted today. I restarted two more times, and the graph for past has not returned, but slowly it is being repopulated.
Lots of bugs in 13.1. The most annoying is Finder jumping between desktops. I've gotten so tired of Apple not responding to demonstrable bugs that I've just stopped checking and reporting them 😟
PS It took my several tries and two days even to post this comment. "Your post could not be saved. Please try again in a few moments."