I have a late 2019 iMac. I recently updated from Monterey 12.6.3 to Ventura 13.2. After doing so, my dock would take a very long time to show up and sometimes it wouldn't show up at all. The Finder was also very sluggish. I went into System Settings and fiddled with the dock's settings. It didn't help.
I noticed that doing anything with my network volumes was giving me beach balls for a bit before finally working. On a hunch, I decided to remove anything from the dock or the Finder window sidebar that had anything to do with a network volume. I did that and rebooted. Voila. the dock appear immediately no more Finder sluggishness.
I don't know if you have any network volumes in your dock and/or Finder window sidebars, but if you do, try removing them and see if that helps.
Some additional info for what it's worth:
My network volumes are mostly pointed to a Synology NAS. I was connected to that NAS using AFP because I wanted to be able to to Spotlight searches and I think Spotlight searches were not supported using SMB until Ventura. I recreated all of my network volumes using SMB instead of AFP. Everything including Spotlight searches worked fine and I noticed a significant improvement in performance. I put all those new SMB volumes in my dock and in the Finder sidebar and everything has been working just fine ever since.
WIth all due respect, I think James Brickley's diagnosis about RAM causing the problems with your dock is a red herring. Problematic RAM can indeed cause a variety of problems, but I think the notion that memory modules would somehow suddenly zero in specifically on dock functionality while everything else is working fine just isn't plausible. I suspect you did what I did. I bought my iMac with 8GB of RAM and then went out and purchased two reasonably priced name brand 32GB modules and installed them in the two empty slots. I'm at 72GB of RAM as well. Never had any problems. I found this thread while troubleshooting and decided that since I've been running my hardware in this configuration for 3½ years, the likelihood that all of a sudden I would have Dock problem because of it...... Possible? I suppose. Probable, uhh no.
Here's my RAM config:
