How do I set up a new iPad from an iPhone without moving over all the apps and photos and taking up all the space

Available transfer methods are all-or-nothing. If you need to selectively move files, you must individually move/copy files using AirDrop, iCloud or iTunes (using a Windows PC or Mac computer) - after you have complete initial setup of your new iPad.

These support pages should get you started with setup of your new iPad - and the methods of transferring your data from old to new iPad:

Set up your iPhone, iPad or iPod touch – Apple Support

Transfer data from your previous iOS device to your new iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch - Apple Support

Use Quick Start to transfer data to a new iPhone, iPad or iPod touch – Apple Support

If the donor iPad, from which you are transferring your data precedes iOS12.4, QuickStart will not be available.

“Transfer” is rather a misnomer. In reality, your data and setup is merely cloned to the new device. Nothing is moved or removed from the original device.

An alternative is to restore either an iCloud or iTunes backup to the new device:

How to back up your iPhone, iPad and iPod touch – Apple Support

Restore your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch from a backup - Apple Support

apple bochum Said:

"How do I set up a new iPad without moving all my apps or photos into it and eating up all the new space which actually is less than my iPhone"

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Setting Up a New iPad:

Seems you need set this up anew, and then import and download items as you need them. That's what I do. Setting this up, nothing would be on there but being logged into your Apple ID.