Apple Notes
I somehow forgot my notes password, and now can’t open locked notes despite changing the password several times.
iPhone 14 Pro, iOS 16
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Something changed in iOS 16.. I haven't played with it at all.. but you could try going to Settings > Notes > Password and select to Use Device Passcode. I'm skeptical that would just give you access.
If it doesn't, then you will need to figure out the password that the notes were locked with in order to access them. You can guess all you like and if you set a password hint, it should show that for ya after a failed guess or two.
Resetting the notes password does not give you access to old notes, the new password is only used for notes you lock in the future.
How to lock or unlock notes on your iPhone or iPad - Apple Support