Text cell find row with matching content in any cell ("dictionary" / "lookup" table)

You can try something like this:

The formula in H2 of Lookup Table, filled down:

=TEXTJOIN("|",TRUE,B2:E2)

This takes the values in the cells in the specific range and joins (concatenates) them with a separating character you specify. Having them all in one column makes a lookup possible.

The formula in B2 of Data Table, filled down:

=XLOOKUP("*"&$A2&"*",Lookup Table::G,Lookup Table::A,"not found",2)

The * is the symbol denoting a wildcard. You need that because the text you are searching for from column A of the data table will be surrounded by other text in the Join column in Lookup Table. Note the required 2 argument in XLOOKUP if you need to use a wildcard like this.

More on wildcards here:

Functions that accept conditions and wildcards as arguments - Apple Support

More on XLOOKUP here:

XLOOKUP - Apple Support

If your region uses , as a decimal separator then replace the , in the formulas with ;

SG

I have a slight change to what SGIII suggested to prevent matches of substrings ("eagle" is within the word "beagle" so "eagle" came back as a dog not a bird).

Table 1::B2 ="|"&TEXTJOIN("|",TRUE,C2:J2)&"|"

Fill down to complete the column.

This formula puts a "|" on both sides of all the words

Table 2::B2 =XLOOKUP("*|"&$A2&"|*",Table 1::B,Table 1::A,"not found",2)

Fill down to complete the column

The formula looks for the specified word with a "|" character on both sides of it, ensuring only whole-word matches are returned.

Hide column Table 1::B. If you later add new columns to the right of the table you will have to unhide the column and adjust the formula to include them. If you add new columns in the middle of the table you will not.

This is beginning to sound as if you're trying to convert 2D data to 1D, to make it easier to perform lookups, etc.

If so, you may find this Shortcut helpful (clink link in Safari to inspect and download).

Click a cell in 2D table and choose 'Flatten 2D data to 1D' from the shortcuts menu (if you have pinned it there after clicking the circled i).

SG

In the formula for Table 2::B2, replace $A2 with TEXTBEFORE(A2," ")

This will trim off everything to the right of the first space (including the space itself) leaving only "Labrador". This will work as long as none of your animal types have a space in them.

SGIII makes a good point about flattening your table from 2D to 1D. It makes lookups so much simpler without having to do tricks like concatenating all the words in each row so there is something to use for a lookup.