Not really to that degree. It would be possible to have access to iCloud using any other device logged into your account. If they then make changes on that device it will be synced to iCloud and then to your iPhone. The reverse applies too. If you edited a Contact, that edit would eventually show on the other device if you are using iCloud to store and sync Contacts. That said, I have never heard of anybody doing that. If you think your ID has been compromised then read the following information and links:
Read this document if you think your Apple ID has been compromised. --> If you think your Apple ID has been compromised - Apple Support
For iOS 15 or earlier, if you want to see if anyone else has access to your device or accounts, click here --> See who has access to your iPhone or iPad - Apple Support
For iOS 16 or later see how Safety Check on iPhone works to keep you safe. How Safety Check on iPhone works to keep you safe - Apple Support
Related materials:
Personal Safety User Guide
Personal Safety User Guide - Apple Support
> open the Table of Contents
A document with general information about security and your Apple ID --> Security and your Apple ID - Apple Support
Contact Apple for help with Apple ID account security by clicking on this link --> Contact Apple for help with Apple ID account security - Apple Support "This article provides country-specific Apple Support contact information for customers seeking help with their Apple ID password or other security-related issues."